Stunting is a condition characterized by impaired growth and development in children, typically caused by chronic malnutrition, repeated infections, and poor feeding practices. To assess the prevalence and severity of stunting, researchers and health professionals use a set of parameters or indicators. These parameters help in identifying and monitoring children who are at risk of stunting. In this article, we will explore the various parameters of stunting in detail.
1. Height-for-Age (HAZ)
Height-for-age (HAZ) is one of the most commonly used parameters to determine stunting. It compares a child’s height with the average height of a healthy population of the same age. HAZ is expressed in standard deviation units (SD) known as Z-scores. A child with a HAZ below -2 SD is considered stunted, indicating that they have significantly lagged behind in growth compared to their peers.
2. Weight-for-Height (WHZ)
Weight-for-height (WHZ) is another parameter used to assess stunting, especially in acute malnutrition cases. It compares a child’s weight with the average weight of a healthy population of the same height. WHZ is also expressed in standard deviation units (SD) known as Z-scores. A child with a WHZ below -2 SD is considered acutely malnourished, which can lead to stunting if not addressed promptly.
3. Body Mass Index-for-Age (BMIZ)
Body mass index-for-age (BMIZ) is a parameter that takes both weight and height into consideration. It compares a child’s body mass index (BMI) with the average BMI of a healthy population of the same age. BMIZ, like HAZ and WHZ, is expressed in standard deviation units (SD) known as Z-scores. A child with a BMIZ below -2 SD is considered stunted, indicating a potential imbalance between weight and height.
4. Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)
Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a simple and convenient parameter used to measure nutritional status and assess the risk of stunting. It measures the circumference of a child’s mid-upper arm, which reflects muscle and subcutaneous fat stores. MUAC is often used in emergency situations where resources are limited. A MUAC below a certain threshold, such as 115mm, indicates a higher likelihood of malnutrition and potential stunting.
5. Biochemical Parameters
Biochemical parameters, such as hemoglobin levels or serum nutrient concentrations, can also provide valuable insights into a child’s nutritional status and risk of stunting. Low hemoglobin levels may indicate iron deficiency anemia, while deficiencies in vitamins and minerals like vitamin A, zinc, or iodine can contribute to stunting. These parameters are often measured through blood tests and can help guide interventions to address specific nutrient deficiencies.
Conclusion
The parameters of stunting play a crucial role in identifying and addressing the problem of impaired growth and development in children. Height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), body mass index-for-age (BMIZ), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and biochemical parameters provide valuable information about a child’s nutritional status and risk of stunting. By regularly monitoring these parameters, health professionals can intervene and implement appropriate measures to prevent and treat stunting in children, ensuring their healthy growth and development.
